Genesis 19
1 The two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. 2 "My lords," he said, "please turn aside to your servant's house. You can wash your feet and spend the night and then go on your way early in the morning."
"No," they answered, "we will spend the night in the square."
3 But he insisted so strongly that they did go with him and entered his house. He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. 4 Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodomboth young and oldsurrounded the house. 5 They called to Lot, "Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can know them."
6 Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him 7 and said, "No, my friends. Don't do this wicked thing. 8 Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. But don't do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof."
9 "Get out of our way," they replied. And they said, "This fellow came here as an alien, and now he wants to play the judge! We'll treat you worse than them." They kept bringing pressure on Lot and moved forward to break down the door.
10 But the men inside reached out and pulled Lot back into the house and shut the door. 11 Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness so that they could not find the door.
12 The two men said to Lot, "Do you have anyone else heresons-in-law, sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here, 13 because we are going to destroy this place. The outcry to the LORD against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy it."
14 So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry his daughters. He said, "Hurry and get out of this place, because the LORD is about to destroy the city!" But his sons-in-law thought he was joking.
15 With the coming of dawn, the angels urged Lot, saying, "Hurry! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away when the city is punished."
16 When he hesitated, the men grasped his hand and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of the city, for the LORD was merciful to them. 17 As soon as they had brought them out, one of them said, "Flee for your lives! Don't look back, and don't stop anywhere in the plain! Flee to the mountains or you will be swept away!"
18 But Lot said to them, "No, my lords, please! 19 Your servant has found favor in your eyes, and you have shown great kindness to me in sparing my life. But I can't flee to the mountains; this disaster will overtake me, and I'll die. 20 Look, here is a town near enough to run to, and it is small. Let me flee to itit is very small, isn't it? Then my life will be spared."
21 He said to him, "Very well, I will grant this request too; I will not overthrow the town you speak of. 22 But flee there quickly, because I cannot do anything until you reach it." (That is why the town was called Zoar. 23 By the time Lot reached Zoar, the sun had risen over the land. 24 Then the LORD rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrahfrom the LORD out of the heavens. 25 Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, including all those living in the citiesand also the vegetation in the land. 26 But Lot's wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.
27 Early the next morning Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the LORD. 28 He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah, toward all the land of the plain, and he saw dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace.
29 So when God destroyed the cities of the plain, he remembered Abraham, and he brought Lot out of the catastrophe that overthrew the cities where Lot had lived.
As we reflect on Genesis 19, we need to realize that Lot was a high-ranking official in Sodom. Keeping watch at the gate was serious business. He was not to allow any strangers, aliens, riff-raff, or anyone else that looked to be suspicious or a threat into the city. To let someone in - especially in the evening as these visitors had come - would be a serious breach in security. And also a word on verse 5: "have sex with them" should be rendered "know them." This is an unfortunate translation error which is read into the narrative. The Hebrew word translated "to know" does not necessarily have sexual connotations and we must not let our bias from Jude 1:7 be read back into the text of Genesis. For a clear picture of Sodom's main sin problem, look into Ezekiel 16:49, "Now this was the sin of Sodom...(they were) arrogant, overfed and unconcerned; they did not help the poor and needy."
Now that we have the context, let's go to the offending statement. Lot says, "Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. But don't do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof." On the surface, this seems like such a vile thing to come out of his mouth that we don't even want to read it. I have actually heard preachers skip these lines when reading from this section of Scripture. It can be a bit nauseating if you don't understand the ancient underlying meaning of this. I want to assure you; however, that Lot is not offering his virginal daughters up to sex-crazed homosexuals. Notice how the men are described - the men, young and old." This is significant. This is a way of saying all the ruling men of the city are convening. They know that securuity was breached, and they want an answer from Lot. They are livid. Why would Lot do such a thing? They demand an answer. Lot is supposed to know how important it is to keep the city gate secure.
So if he is not offering his daughters up for sex, then what does this cryptic statement mean? On the contrary, faithful Lot is actually saying, I value my daughters so much that I am willing to put them up as a ransom, a promissory note, if you will. Think of it as a guarantee. He is guaranteeing Sodom's safety from these men. He knows the men he is protecting will do no harm to the city. He is willing to risk his daughters' lives on this. He is assured nothing bad security-wise will fall on the city; therefore, he knows nothing will happen to his daughters. Keeping this story in context will greatly help when interpreting . The Bible is an ancient record of ancient cultures, traditions, and sayingd. May we always strive to remember that we are millenia away from the text we are reading. This will help us to rightly interpret and make sense of the narratives of Scripture.
So, we see that God is faithful just as Abraham knew he was and kept confirming in chapter 18. Yahweh delivers faithful Lot and his family from sure destruction. Hopefully, this will clear up any confusion and we will now realize that Lot was a godly man who deserves to be lauded in the NT as he is in 2 Peter.
That has to change. It's just throwing money away. I am ready. I really hope E is. E asked me the other day how Lot could be considered righteous (2 Peter 2:7,8) if he had really offered his virgin daughters up to the men of Sodom to do whatever they wished with them (Genesis 19:8). To answer this, we really need to look at the exchange between Yahweh and Abraham.
The happenings of Genesis 19 must be read in light of the theme in Genesis 18 and preceding. Abraham asks Yahweh repeatedly: "Will you not deal rightously?" "Will you not spare the city on account of the righteous?" Abraham believed God to be faithful to his covenant promises. Abraham knew the consequences of not following the stipulations of the coenant, but he knew that God's patience and mercy runs deep, and he knew deep down in his bones that God would deal justly. The dialogue in the preceding chapter 18 is not a bargaining ploy. It is Abraham getting reassurance that his God is a faithful, just, patient, merciful, righteous God. God shows his faithful, patient mercy by assuring Abraham if there only ten righteous people in the city, it would be spared. Of course, as this familiar story unfolds, we realize there aren't ten righteous, there aren't even five. There are only Lot and his immediate family. I will continue this a bit later.
An excerpt:
In order to know what "sin" is, we need to understand why God made us, and we've seen that God made us for the absolute highest purpose...to "image" Him...to reflect His Person and Glory to all of creation. When we fail to "image" God...when we fail to reflect His Person and Glory to all of creation...we sin. In Romans 3:23, Paul says that all people have sinned. How does he know this? He knows this because all people have "fallen short" of God's glory. Based on our understanding of Genesis 1 and God's design for us, we could say that all people have sinned because they have failed to "image" God...they have failed to reflect His glory.
Sometimes you hear people say, "sin is missing the mark". What "mark" are we missing? We often think of the mark as "perfection". In other words, God expects us to be perfect and when we fail to be perfect, we miss the mark and sin. Is this what Paul means? I don't think it is. The "mark" we are missing is the ultimate mark: the glory of God. As I've said before, when we fail to reflect the glory of God...when we fail to "image" him...we sin...we miss the mark...we fail to function as He designed us to function.
You see, God didn't form a committee to come up with a bunch of "laws" and then say, "if you can keep this list of rules...then you'll be perfect". The Law of God is designed to do one thing: point us to His person (& yes, ultimately to Christ). A human being who lives according to God's law would function the way God designed him/her to function...they would image God. Of course, only one person ever did that...and that was the second Adam...Jesus Christ. Jesus was the perfect reflection of God's glory. "The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth." This brings me full circle to a concise definition of sin: "Sin is lying to others (through our words, attitudes, actions, etc.) about who God is."
An excerpt from a speech given by Rev. Jim Wallis on Capitol Hill, March 7, 2006: I want to begin with what the Religious Community said all last year: A budget is a moral document! That was our clarion cry in the 2006 budget debate. If some political leaders haven't got the message yet - just wait until this year.
You see, we believe that fiscal choices, economic choices are also moral choices and, for us, even religious choices. Who is important? And who is not? What is important? And what is not? Who do we most value? And who don't we value at all? They are fiscal choices, but also moral and religious matters.
Jesus actually got uncharacteristically judgmental about these kinds of choices. He said, "As you have done to the least of these, you have done to me." Are you paying attention yet, members of Congress?
Because of moral pressure - much of it from the religious community who every day care for the poor that our national politics neglect - last year's budget almost didn't pass. It took a fast trip home from Dick Cheney to pass the budget in the Senate and, in the House, the final budget measure only passed by a few votes. Some elected officials were making new moral choices. But the White House and the Republican leadership seem not to have gotten this message from the religious community, by the look of the new budget they now propose. I thought we were supposed to be their base?
You see a budget process is just a series of moral choices: tax cuts for the wealthiest, or services for the poorest? Congressional pork and earmarks, or investments in the common good? Searching for security through endless expenditures for war, or seeking to end the insecurity of poverty to make our nation stronger? Ignoring the costs of deficits for our children's children, and making the most vulnerable pay the price of fiscal responsibility; or sharing the burdens of financial responsibility more fairly by not asking the poor to carry the heaviest load?
These are all moral choices. Those with the power to make budget proposals have made their moral choices; and so will we. They are choosing to bestow more windfalls of benefit on their wealthy donors - that's their moral choice. We will stand up for the low-income families that we know and serve and whom they will again ignore - no, assault - that's our moral choice.
They are choosing the corruption of rewarding the special interests who pay for them - that's their moral choice. We will defend those who have the most need - that's our moral choice. They will place no limits on money for wars that have no end, and weapons systems that have no need - that's their moral choice. We will not let them cut vital programs of nutrition, health care, child care, and education to pay for their bad choices - that's our moral choice.
Here is what the biblical prophet Isaiah says about their moral choices: "Woe to the legislators of infamous laws, to those who issue tyrannical decrees, who refuse justice to the unfortunate and cheat the poor among my people of their rights, and make widows their prey and rob the orphan."
Last Dec. 14, 115 Christians who work with the poor every day, interrupted their works of compassion to come to the Capitol-to pray, preach, and prophesy. And we were taken to jail. Mary Nelson, from Chicago, looked up at the congressional staff and members looking out their windows and invited them, "Come walk with us."
John Perkins, 75-year-old evangelical and Black church leader who has spent his life in faithful ministry with poor people, told the story of his mother's death from a nutritional deficiency when he was seven months old. John said he was breastfeeding at the time and thought for years that he had killed her. Only later, he said, did I realize that a white society doesn't care about the nutrition of poor black women and their families. And now they're trying to cut food stamps from this budget. Then he emotionally said, "This is my last stand," before he was arrested.
Due in part to the pressure from religious community - we saved food stamps from cuts. Now, the proposed cuts stamps are back. People should know that many of those arrested last December voted for George Bush, some twice. Now they get arrested to protest his moral choices. They were his base, they are no longer.
The media noted that the words religious, Christian, even evangelical, are no longer just alongside the words abortion and gay marriage, but now alongside words like food stamps, health care, and education. Get used to it. When the politicians pat faith-based organizations on the back for doing such a wonderful job, they are now turning around and saying, "Stop hurting the people we work with and care about!" Come walk with us.
After the vote, Republicans e-mailed me, "I just want you to know that I voted against this budget and am listening to the religious community." Bless you. Overcoming poverty must be a bipartisan commitment and a nonpartisan cause. The religious community will ask Democrats to stand firm against this budget violence against poor people, to make the moral choice of favoring the poor over the rich - which is also a biblical choice. Democrats must get religion on the budget.
And we will ask Republicans: Follow your conscience, not your party. Help your party make better moral choices than favoring the rich over the poor - stop turning the biblical wisdom upside down - and then having the nerve to claim that you are the religion-friendly party! It's time for Republicans to get religion on this budget.
We've had a year of organizing around the budget in the religious community. We are watching this debate very carefully. We will hold our elected officials accountable in 2006 and 2008 for their votes on this budget - whether they vote for or against poor families.
If you think we were aroused last year, we were just getting started. Budgets are moral documents and we will fight this budget. And that's our moral choice.
Aerial shot of office.
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Life on the Rock
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